![]() ![]() Among them, some studies have used dietary supplements including herbal compounds for the trial. A total of 945 studies have been found that involve the use of MSCs for different clinical phages among which 264 studies have been completed. At the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA, several clinical trials are running in different aspects of MSCs used for treatment and regenerative therapy. MSCs have been used for several clinical trials for tissue repairing and treating immune-mediated disease including cardiac ischemia, limb ischemia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes, ischemic stroke, osteoarthritis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, graft versus host disease, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, respiratory distress syndrome, amyloidosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. ![]() Several studies have shown that under standard environmental condition, MSCs can be isolated from different sites including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord and peripheral blood, placenta, umbilical cord, fetal liver, fetal lungs, dental pulp, periodontal ligament, trabecular bone, compact bone, synovial membrane, cruciate ligaments, amniotic fluid, and endometrium. Human MSCs show morphological subpopulation like rapidly self-renewing cells, spindle-shaped cells, and flattened cells (FC). The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) proposes minimal criteria to define human MSC: they are plastic adherent express CD105, CD73, and CD90 lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79a or CD19, and HLA-DR surface molecules and are capable of differentiating into multilineage cells, i.e., osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts in vitro. MSCs are multipotent stem cells which are nonhematopoietic and possess the ability to differentiate into multilineage cells. In 1976, Friedenstein and his coworkers discovered MSCs from mouse bone marrow. These cells provide the platform to investigate cellular development, maintenance, and differentiation. Depending upon the differentiation capacity, they can be classified into unipotent, multipotent, pluripotent, or totipotent stem cells. Stem cells divide into two major categories, i.e., embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Stem cells are precursor biological cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple mature cells. Thus, the present review article is aimed at highlighting the roles and consequences of plant extracts on MSCs proliferation and desired lineage differentiations. The use of plant bioactive phytochemicals may also become promising in treating diseases like osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and other tissue degenerative disorders. Several studies show that bioactive compounds from plants have a specific role (bioactive mediator) in regulating the rate of cell division and differentiation through complex signal pathways like BMP2, Runx2, and Wnt. Certain bioactive compounds from plants increase the rate of tissue regeneration, differentiation, and immunomodulation. ![]() Phytochemicals like naringin, icariin, genistein, and resveratrol obtained from plants have been extensively used in traditional medicine for centuries. Globally, medicinal plants are being used for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases. Stem cell holds tremendous promises in the field of tissue regeneration and transplantation for disease treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can become a potential attractive candidate for therapy due to its remarkable ability of self-renewal and differentiation into three lineages, i.e., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Stem cell has immense potential in regenerative cellular therapy. ![]()
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